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Lesson Summary

The text discusses various causes and treatments for diarrhea, as well as different types of emesis (vomiting). It also provides information about ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, including treatments such as:

• Amino salicylates
• Glucocorticoids
• Immunosuppressants
• Antibiotics
• Immunomodulators

In addition, it mentions the use of infliximab for moderate to severe Crohn's disease, along with potential side effects and the need for screening before starting treatment.

The text discusses gastrointestinal pharmacology, focusing on peptic ulcer disease and other GI disorders such as constipation, diarrhea, emesis, and GI autoimmune disorders. It explains that peptic ulcer disease is characterized by ulcerations in the stomach or duodenum, caused by:

• H. Pylori
• NSAIDs
• Gastric acid
• Pepsin
• Smoking

Peptic ulcer disease is defended against by protectors like mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow, and prostaglandins. Treatment options for peptic ulcer disease include:

• Antacids
• Histamine two receptor antagonists
• Proton pump inhibitors

The text also briefly discusses constipation, diarrhea, and treatment options for each. It mentions primary and secondary constipation, as well as:

• Bulk-forming laxatives
• Surfactant laxatives
• Osmotic laxatives
• Stimulant laxatives

It explains the mechanism of action for each type of laxative and provides examples of common laxatives in each category. The text further explains the pathology of diarrhea, which is characterized by unusually soft or liquid stools, and notes that it usually lasts less than two weeks.